| Chapter 1: Understanding Basic Grammar | ||
| WORD FUNCTIONS PARTS OF SPEECH |
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| Verbs Nouns and pronouns Adjectives and adverbs Prepositions and conjunctions |
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| SENTENCES | ||
| Essential elements: the subject and the verb Additional elements: modifiers and connectors Subjects and objects |
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| REVIEW EXERCISES | ||
| Chapter 2: Articles and Nouns | ||
| ARTICLES: A, AN, AND
THE COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS |
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| Some common noncount nouns | ||
| PLURALS | ||
| Irregular plurals | ||
| REVIEW EXERCISES | ||
| Chapter 3: The Present Tense | ||
| PRESENT TENSE FORMS THE SIMPLE PRESENT THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE NONACTION VERBS QUESTION WORD QUESTIONS TAG QUESTIONS REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 4: The Past Tense | ||
| PAST TENSE FORMS THE SIMPLE PAST |
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| Pronunciation of past tense forms Practice with irregular past tense forms |
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| THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TAG QUESTIONS REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 5: The Future Tense | ||
| FUTURE TENSE FORMS THE SIMPLE FUTURE THE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE FUTURE |
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| Expressing the future with be going to Expressing the future with the present progressive |
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| THE PRESENT TENSE FOR FUTURE IDEAS
IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES TAG QUESTIONS REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 6: The Perfect Tenses | ||
| FORMS OF VERBS IN THE PERFECT
TENSES THE PRESENT PERFECT |
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| Practice with irregular past participle forms | ||
| THE PAST PERFECT THE FUTURE PERFECT TAG QUESTIONS REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 7: Modal Auxiliaries and Related Forms | ||
| WAYS OF EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY OR CAPABILITY | ||
| Can Could Be able |
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| WAYS OF EXPRESSING PROBABILITY | ||
| May Might and could Should and ought to |
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| WAYS OF EXPRESSING DEDUCTION | ||
| Cannot Must |
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| WAYS OF EXPRESSING NECESSITY | ||
| Must Have to Should/ought to Had better |
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| TAG QUESTIONS REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 8: Building Sentences | ||
| BASIC SENTENCES EXPANDED SENTENCES IT AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THERE SENTENCES WITH THE CONDITIONAL |
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| Real conditions Improbable and imaginary conditions Past conditions |
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| REVIEW EXERCISES | ||
| Chapter 9: Pronouns and Related Forms | ||
| FORMS OF ONE FORMS OF OTHER FORMS OF THIS AND THAT POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES WORDS WITH DIFFERENT SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS WORDS WITH THE SAME SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OTHER INDEFINITE PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS RELATIVE PRONOUNS |
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| Nonessential information | ||
| REVIEW EXERCISES | ||
| Chapter 10: Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives | ||
| GERUNDS PARTICIPLES |
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| Present participles Past participles |
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| INFINITIVES INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS AFTER VERBS REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 11: Adjectives and Adverbs | ||
| ADJECTIVES | ||
| Form Comparison of adjectives Positions in sentences Active and passive modifiers |
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| ADVERBS | ||
| Form Comparison of adverbs Positions in sentences |
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| REVIEW EXERCISES | ||
| Chapter 12: Connecting Ideas | ||
| PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS |
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| Coordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions Adverbial conjunctions |
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| SENTENCE COMBINING | ||
| Combining to show addition Combining to show contrast Combining to show cause Combining to show effect Combining to show purpose Combining to give examples |
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| REVIEW EXERCISES | ||
| Chapter 13: The Passive | ||
| PASSIVE FORMS THE INDIRECT OBJECT AS SUBJECT IN A PASSIVE SENTENCE REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 14: Word Combinations | ||
| COMMON WORD COMBINATIONS LIST OF COMMON WORD COMBINATIONS PRACTICING WITH WORD COMBINATIONS REVIEW EXERCISES |
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| Chapter 15: Correcting Common Errors | ||
| FRAGMENTS (INCOMPLETE SENTENCES) | ||
| Missing subject Missing verb Missing main clause Added information fragment Incomplete subordinate clause |
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| RUN-TOGETHER SENTENCES | ||
| Using punctuation to make independent
statements Using coordinating conjunctions to connect statements Using adverbial conjunctions to connect statements Using subordinating conjunctions to connect main and subordinate clauses |
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| ERRORS IN PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALIZATION | ||
| End punctuation Commas Colons, dashes, and parentheses Quotation marks Capitalization |
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| MODIFIER ERRORS AGREEMENT ERRORS SHIFTS IN VERB TENSE SHIFTS IN PERSON ERRORS IN PARALLELISM |
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| Answer Key Appendix |
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| IRREGULAR VERBS | ||
| Index | ||
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