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| PART I: Sentences | ||
| Chapter 1: The Sentence: Basic Elements | ||
| THE SENTENCE | ||
| The subject | ||
| The verb | ||
| THE FOUR BASIC ELEMENTS IN THE SENTENCE | ||
| Essential elements: subject and verb | ||
| Additional elements: modifiers and connectors | ||
| THE FUNCTIONS OF WORDS | ||
| PARTS OF SPEECH SUMMING UP |
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| Chapter 2: Putting the Sentence Together | ||
| SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS | ||
| Subject and object forms of pronouns | ||
| Direct objects | ||
| GERUNDS, PARTICIPLES, AND INFINITIVES | ||
| CLAUSES SUMMING UP |
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| Chapter 3: Expanding the Sentence | ||
| PATTERNS OF SENTENCES | ||
| EXPANDING THE BASIC SENTENCE | ||
| Coordinating two statements | ||
| Subordinating a statement | ||
| USING OTHER GRAMMATICAL FORMS TO EXPAND A STATEMENT | ||
| REVIEWING SENTENCE ELEMENTS SUMMING UP |
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| Chapter 4: Sentence Combining with a Purpose | ||
| COMBINING TO ACHIEVE MEANING | ||
| Addition | ||
| Contrast Cause Effect Illustration |
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| FROM COMBINING TO COMPOSING | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 5: Sentence Boundaries | ||
| RUN-TOGETHER SENTENCES | ||
| Make independent statements | ||
| Make statements connected with coordinating conjunctions Make statements connected with adverbial conjunctions Make a statement with subordinated information |
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| FRAGMENTS | ||
| Missing subject | ||
| Missing verb Partially missing verb Missing subject and verb: entire main clause missing Added information fragment |
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| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 6: Punctuation and Capitalization | ||
| THE FUNCTION OF PUNCTUATION | ||
| PUNCTUATION MARKS | ||
| End punctuation | ||
| Semicolons Commas Colons, dashes, and parentheses Quotation marks |
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| CAPITALIZATION | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 7: Modifiers | ||
| THE FUNCTION OF MODIFIERS: TO ADD INFORMATION | ||
| TYPES OF MODIFIERS | ||
| Words | ||
| Prepositional phrases Subordinate clauses |
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| MODIFIER ERRORS | ||
| Misplaced modifiers | ||
| Dangling modifiers | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 8: Writing Consistent Sentences | ||
| MAKING WORDS AGREE | ||
| Subject/verb agreement | ||
| Pronoun/antecedent agreement Agreement of possessive with possessor Agreement of adjective/noun combinations |
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| MAKING VERBS CONSISTENT | ||
| MAKING POINT OF VIEW CONSISTENT MAKING CONSTRUCTIONS PARALLEL SUMMING UP |
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| PART II: Paragraphs | ||
| Chapter 9: The Paragraph: Basic Elements | ||
| THE PARAGRAPH: A SHORT COMPOSITION | ||
| The topic | ||
| The controlling idea The topic sentence: topic + controlling idea Developing a paragraph: developing the controlling idea Paragraph structure Sample paragraphs |
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| Audience, purpose, and point of view in college writing | ||
| More sample paragraphs | ||
| PREWRITING ASSIGNMENT | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 10: Beginning to Write: Starting the Process | ||
| THE CREATIVE AND CRITICAL STAGES IN WRITING | ||
| TECHNIQUES FOR GENERATING IDEAS | ||
| Brainstorming | ||
| Freewriting Applying the journalistic questions |
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| WORKING WITH IDEAS | ||
| Establishing a direction | ||
| Supporting information Creating a plan |
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| STEPS IN WRITING | ||
| Prewriting | ||
| Writing Revising |
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| WRITING ASSIGNMENT | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 11: Writing a Convincing Paragraph | ||
| FOCUSING ON THE CONTROLLING IDEA | ||
| PROVIDING ADEQUATE SUPPORT | ||
| Answering readers' likely questions | ||
| PROVIDING APPROPRIATE SUPPORT | ||
| ORGANIZING INFORMATION WRITING ASSIGNMENTS SUMMING UP |
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| Chapter 12: Transitions | ||
| THE PURPOSE OF TRANSITIONS | ||
| TYPES OF TRANSITIONS | ||
| Contrast | ||
| Addition Cause Effect Example, or Illustration Other types of transitions |
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| PUNCTUATION WITH TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES | ||
| Coordinating conjunctions | ||
| Adverbial conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions |
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| OTHER TRANSITIONAL DEVICES | ||
| Synonyms and alternative wordings | ||
| Summarizing words | ||
| WRITING ASSIGNMENTS | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 13: Beginning and Ending a Paragraph | ||
| BEGINNINGS | ||
| Topic and controlling idea | ||
| ENDINGS | ||
| Topic and controlling idea | ||
| Other elements | ||
| WRITING ASSIGNMENTS | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 14: Revising a Paragraph | ||
| THE PURPOSE OF REVISING | ||
| A GUIDE TO REVISING | ||
| Other common sentence problems | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| PART III: College Skills | ||
| Chapter 15: Study Skills | ||
| DEALING POSITIVELY WITH A NEW SITUATION | ||
| ORGANIZATIONAL SKILLS TIME MANAGEMENT CLASSROOM STRATEGIES READING STRATEGIES CRITICAL READING STRATEGIES FOR UNDERSTANDING WORDS |
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| Contrasting idea | ||
| Examples Definition or rewording Word elements The meaning of the text |
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| ORGANIZING INFORMATION | ||
| Outlining | ||
| Summarizing | ||
| TAKING TESTS | ||
| Preparing for tests | ||
| Strategies for taking tests | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 16: Word Skills | ||
| SPELLING | ||
| Some strategies for becoming a better speller | ||
| Some helpful spelling principles List of frequently misspelled words |
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| USAGE | ||
| Possessives | ||
| Contractions Some function problems Words easily confused |
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| VOCABULARY | ||
| Using dictionaries | ||
| College vocabulary | ||
| SUMMING UP | ||
| Chapter 17: Essays | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FOCUS IN AN ESSAY | ||
| THE INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH THE CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH WRITING ASSIGNMENTS SUMMING UP |
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| Chapter 18: Research Papers | ||
| CHOOSING A TOPIC | ||
| FINDING INFORMATION GATHERING INFORMATION TAKING NOTES DOCUMENTING INFORMATION SUMMING UP |
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| PART IV: Selected Readings | ||
| COMMON VALUES FOR A COMMON ERA | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| THE MILGRAM EXPERIMENTS: A MEASURE OF SOCIETY? | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| THOSE "GOOD OL' DAYS" | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| IDENTIFYTHEN SOLVETHE PROBLEM | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| SALVATION | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| THANK YOU, M'AM | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| LIZZIE BORDEN | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| WRONG-WAY CORRIGAN | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| LEARNING TO CARE | ||
| Prereading questions | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| THE UNITED NATIONS: NO LONGER A CHOICE | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| THE PROBLEM THAT HAS NO NAME | ||
| Prereading questions | ||
| Questions for discussion and writing | ||
| Appendices | ||
| APPENDIX 1: THE USE OF ARTICLES | ||
| A/an and the | ||
| Forms of other Expressions of quantity |
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| APPENDIX 2: PREPOSITIONS | ||
| List of common prepositions | ||
| APPENDIX 3: VERBS | ||
| English verb tenses: a clarification for nonnative speakers | ||
| APPENDIX 4: SOME COMMON WORD COMBINATIONS | ||
| Answer Key | ||
| Index | ||
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Thinking and Basic Writing